Smith Oral candidiasis, commonly known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection in the mouth caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. Here’s what you should know about its causes and symptoms:
Causes of Oral Candidiasis
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions that compromise the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or certain cancers, increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis.
- Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms in the mouth, leading to an overgrowth of Candida.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives, can contribute to the development of oral thrush.
- Dry Mouth: Conditions or medications that cause dry mouth (xerostomia) can increase the risk of Candida overgrowth.
- Dentures: Poorly fitting dentures or inadequate denture hygiene can create an environment conducive to Candida growth.
- Smoking: Tobacco use can increase the risk of oral thrush.
- Other Medical Conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease can also be associated with oral candidiasis.
Symptoms of Oral Candidiasis
- White Patches: The most common symptom is the presence of creamy white lesions or patches on the tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the roof of the mouth, or the throat. These patches may resemble cottage cheese and can be scraped off, but they often leave a red, bleeding surface underneath.
- Redness and Soreness: The affected areas may become red, sore, or inflamed, leading to discomfort or pain.
- Cracking at the Corners of the Mouth: Angular cheilitis, or cracks at the corners of the mouth, can be a symptom of oral candidiasis.
- Loss of Taste: Some people may experience a loss of taste or a strange taste in the mouth.
- Difficulty Swallowing: In severe cases, oral thrush can lead to discomfort or difficulty swallowing.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis: Oral candidiasis is usually diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, a swab of the affected area may be taken for laboratory analysis.
- Treatment: Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be topical (such as mouth rinses or lozenges) or systemic (oral pills) depending on the severity and extent of the infection. Maintaining good oral hygiene and addressing underlying conditions can also help manage and prevent recurrence.
If you suspect you have oral candidiasis or experience persistent symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
